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41.
四环素类抗生素对不同蔬菜生长的影响及其富集转运特征 总被引:11,自引:5,他引:6
本研究探讨了四环素类抗生素(TCs)对两种蔬菜生长的影响及其在蔬菜体内的富集和转运特征,以期为四环素类抗生素的植物毒性和对人体健康的风险评价提供理论基础.采用土培试验研究了不同水平(0、50和150 mg·kg-1)的四环素类抗生素(四环素TC、土霉素OTC、金霉素CTC)对生菜和小白菜生长、抗生素含量及其富集转运特征的影响.结果表明,TCs总体上抑制了生菜的生长,地上部和地下部鲜重分别较CK降低了1.56%~26.84%和17.36%~51.04%,小白菜地上部和地下部鲜重反而较对照提高了3.7%~7.3%和3.1%~82.2%.TCs在一定程度上增加了生菜和小白菜的气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr),抑制了生菜的净光合速率(Pn),Pn在TCs为150 mg·kg-1时较CK降低了32.43%~82.43%.TCs还抑制了生菜和小白菜的SOD活性,较CK降低了29.17%~223.12%,以OTC的抑制作用最强.生菜和小白菜的MDA含量在TCs为150mg·kg-1时达到最大值(生菜地上部除外).小白菜地上部和地下部TCs的含量均高于生菜,以CTC处理的小白菜和生菜TCs含量较高.种植生菜的土壤TCs残留量高于小白菜土壤,以OTC处理的土壤TCs残留量最高.小白菜对TCs的富集系数和转运系数分别是生菜的1.07~7.35倍和1.15~2.25倍.3种四环素类抗生素中以OTC和CTC的生态风险较大. 相似文献
42.
C.M. Tu 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):695-709
Abstract Laboratory tests were conducted with eight herbicides, atrazine, butylate, ethalfluralin, imazethapyr, linuron, metolachlor, metribuzin and trifluralin, applied to a loamy sand at rate of 10 μg/g to determine if these materials caused any serious effects on microbial and enzymatic activities related to soil fertility. Some herbicides showed an effect on bacteria and fungi for the first week of incubation, but, subsequently, the populations returned to levels similar to those obtained in the controls. After several herbicide treatments there appeared to cause a slight depression of nitrification. Sulfur oxidation was better than that obtained with untreated soil in all treatments. Oxygen consumption was increased significantly after 96 hr incubation with atrazine. The soil dehydrogenase and amylase activities were inhibited by ethalfluralin treatment respectively for 1 wk and 1 day, and p‐nitrophenol liberation was inhibited for 2 hrs by all herbicide treatments. Results indicated that the herbicidal treatments at the level tested were not drastic enough to be considered deleterious to soil microbial and enzymatic activities which are important to soil fertility. 相似文献
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A spore germination-based concept and its transformation into a field level prototype for monitoring aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk was developed. Initially, 15 strains of Bacillus spp. procured from different culture collection were screened for AFM1 sensitivity using spot assay and marker strain showing inhibition at 0.5 ppb was selected based upon maximum zone of inhibition. The selected strain B. megaterium 2949 was further screened for different enzymes activities and subsequently its spores were produced to an extent of 73.13% ± 3.197% in newly developed sporulation medium containing beef extract (0.0075% ± 0.0004%), yeast extract (0.015% ± 0.001%), peptone (0.0375% ± 0.0016%), and sodium chloride (0.0375% ± 0.0018%). A spore germination-based concept/ assay was optimized by immobilizing spores in eppendorf with pretreated milk (80°C/15 min) containing germinant and chromogenic substrate followed by incubation at 37°C. The appearance of sky blue color within real time of 45 min indicated spores germination and release of specific marker enzyme such as acetyl esterase and its specific action on chromogenic substrate which demonstrates absence of AFM1 in milk. However, if there was no color change, presence of AFM1 at 0.5 ppb MRL was denoted by Codex. The developed concept on AFM1 detection was validated and a correlation of 0.97 was established with AOAC approved Charm 6602 and ELISA at Codex MRL with minimal false positive and negative results. The cost effective test has potential application in dairy farms, manufacturing, and R&D units for routine monitoring of AFM1 in milk. 相似文献
45.
采用批次小试实验对不同腐熟程度的蓝藻进行厌氧发酵产沼气实验研究。结果表明,新鲜蓝藻在30-35℃时腐熟7 d后,可在35℃的厌氧温度下获得最高的产气速率和246 mL/g COD的产气量,产气潜力为354 mL/g(VS)。厌氧反应15 d后,累计产气量、COD和VFA浓度趋于稳定。淀粉酶和脱氢酶的活性在厌氧反应初期受到抑制,蛋白酶活性和辅酶F420浓度在厌氧系统中逐渐增加,分别在第6天达到27.66μmol/(g VS·min)和第15天达到0.62μmol/g(VS)。15-18d是腐熟蓝藻适宜的中温厌氧发酵时间,少于以新鲜蓝藻为基质的厌氧消化时间。蓝藻腐熟过程促进了厌氧反应,腐熟7 d的蓝藻厌氧系统具有更高的微生物活性和产甲烷能力。 相似文献
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JITENDRA SINGH DILEEP K. SINGH 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):1305-1318
Impacts of diazinon (O,O-diethyl O-2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate), imidacloprid [1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine] and lindane (1,2,3,4,5.6-hexachlorocyclohexane) treatments on ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite nitrogen and nitrate reductase enzyme activities were determined in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) field for three consecutive years (1997 to 1999). Diazinon was applied for both seed- and soil-treatments but imidacloprid and lindane were used for seed treatments only at recommended rates. Diazinon residues persisted for 60 days in both the cases. Average half-lives (t1/2) of diazinon were found 29.3 and 34.8 days respectively in seed and soil treatments. In diazinon seed treatment, NH4 +, NO3 ?, and NO2 ? nitrogen and nitrate reductase activity were not affected. Whereas, diazinon soil treatment indicated significant increase in NH4 +-N in a 1-day sample, which continued until 90 days. Some declines in NO3 ?N were found from 15 to 60 days. Along with this decline, significant increases in NO2 ?N and nitrate reductase activity were found between 1 and 30 days. Imidacloprid and lindane persisted for 90 and 120 days with average half-lives (t1/2) of 40.9 and 53.3 days, respectively. Within 90 days, imidacloprid residues lost by 73.17% to 82.49% while such losses for lindane residues were found 78.19% to 79.86 % within 120 days. In imidacloprid seed-treated field, stimulation of NO3 ?N and the decline in NH4 +NO2 ?-N and nitrate reductase enzyme activity were observed between 15 to 90 days. However, lindane seed treatment indicated significant increases in NH4 +-N, NO2 ?-N and nitrate reductase activity and some adverse effects on NO3 ?N between 15 and 90 days. 相似文献
50.
聚合物驱采出水中聚丙烯酰胺的微生物联合降解作用研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对2株细菌的培养降解实验研究聚丙烯酰胺(hydrolyzed polyacrylamide,HPAM)降解菌对水环境下聚丙烯酰胺的降解作用,讨论协同降解机理。2株降解聚丙烯酰胺的菌株假单胞菌CJ419、枯草芽孢杆菌FA16在初始30℃废水样品上培养,定期测量细菌生物量和HPAM降解率。培养30 d后CJ419和FA16对聚合物的降解率最大值分别达到30.4%和25%,而以1∶1比例的混合菌降解率最大值达到80.3%。对2株菌胞外各组分研究表明:混合菌降解HPAM的机理主要由胞外降解酶系水解聚合物侧链基团导致HPAM降解为小分子物质,同时生长过程中降解菌还会释放非蛋白还原性物质引发氧化反应共同参与HPAM降解。 相似文献